This is a hybrid stepper motor, a commonly used precision drive component in industrial automation.
Its structure mainly consists of three parts: a metallic stator housing enclosing multi-phase windings, a rotor with embedded permanent magnets and magnetic conductive teeth (combining the advantages of permanent magnet and reluctance types), and a black connector on the side with multi-colored wires for connecting to the driver and transmitting control signals.
The core characteristics of this type of motor are pulse drive and precise positioning: each received electrical pulse causes it to rotate a fixed step angle (usually 1.8°/step), and the displacement is strictly proportional to the number of pulses, allowing for open-loop control without sensors. It combines the advantages of a small step angle and high torque, offers smooth operation, and maintains torque even after power is off. Therefore, it is widely used in applications requiring high-precision positioning, such as 3D printers, CNC machine tools, and robot joints.
However, it also has limitations: torque decreases at high speeds, and open-loop control can lead to \"step loss\" when overloaded. Its performance can be further improved by using a micro-stepping driver or a closed-loop feedback system. As a \"joint\" in automated equipment, it is one of the key components for achieving precise motion.